Ethics help professionals to act morally in difficult situations. The need for such behaviour in social work is important due to the following reasons.
Social worker's during their interaction with clients and their significiant others have to sensitive information:-The purpose of the client to share information is to enable the social worker to get better insight into the problem and then help the client to solve the problem.
Social worker's are often in situatuations where their decision can cause serious damage to the client:- Their personalities are often disintegrated and they may be vulnerable to emotional and phical abuse in some cuses the caseworker may unconsciously commit an error which causes damage to the client.
Social worker's occupy positions of authority in governmental and non-government organization:- Accountability means to give count of, you have been entrusted with certain goods and after use you have to account for what you have used for what purpose how and to what effect.
Social worker's are often in positions where they can allocate resourcesp:- This is true of a country like India where scarcity exists almost every where. In an adoption center a social worker may be asked where a particular couple can be allowed to adopt a child. The social worker opinion will have abearing on the lives of atleast three individuals.
Social worker's have to presserve professional autonomy:- In a democratic country the government is the ultimate authority and it plays an important role in regulating other institution. If the profssionals the selves regulate their affairs government action becomes unnecessary and their professional autonomy can be preserved.
Probably on other profession deals with these aspects as directly as social work. A policeman has to think whether his action would reduce the crime rate and whether he is following. The due process of law when he is acting. The lawyer has to only think whether his/her clients interests will be served by his/her actions. A priest has to only worry whether his actions will help fulfill the individual's religious needs. But the social worker's decisions should express concern for human dignity and human self.
Monday, November 8, 2010
Sunday, November 7, 2010
HUMAN SECURITY
Human security--we must have an idea of what exactly is meant by social security---
what kinds of services are provided, who are the beneficiaries, which are the institutions through which they are provided, and so on. Also and this is very important--why social security measures need to the provided.
These measures include maternity leave provident fund and gratuity, and so on. But in recent times it has been felt that since a small proportion of workers in developing nations are in the organised sector, and since the poor and marginal vulnerability regarding income and consumption opportunities, it is pertinent to expand the scope of the concept of social security .For a large number of people in developing nations, particularly for those in the rural areas and thiose who are poor, deprivation and vulnerability are unpleasant facts of life.
In developed countries, certain instruments have been found to be important, like unemployment insurance, old age pensions and invalidity benefits. This approach may not be altogther useful and appropriate when we study developing countries. Instead of approaching the definition in terms of means, we could define social security in terms of objectives of removing deprivation and recluding vulnerability. It includes actions by the public for itself. During disasters, but also otherwise, the actions of NGOS, charitable and religious institutions must be mentioned here. In many traditional societies in India, the family too has acted as a provider of social security. Sometimes it can be taken to mean the checks and the pressures that, say, the print media keeps on the government. Involvement and activism by the public is necessary. Government can adopt two broad approaches to social security measures. The first way is to promote general economic growth and use the general benefits according from growth to help vulnerable sections of the population. The second approach is to take public action measures directly in terms of social sectors such as education and health and also promote better income distribution patterns, and generate employment.
The first approach seems to have worked very well for east Asian countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and South Koria, as also countries like Kuwait united Arab Emirates. Cuba is a classic example of the second approach, as in China. In fact some observers argue that in China, when liberalisation led to very high growth rates in the eighties and nineties, social indicators like the in fact mortality rate actually rose.
India is a case in point. In the 1950 India choose a path of development that emphasised economic growth butrelied on the public sectors as the engine of growth and let this sector occupy the 'commanding heights' of the economy.
what kinds of services are provided, who are the beneficiaries, which are the institutions through which they are provided, and so on. Also and this is very important--why social security measures need to the provided.
These measures include maternity leave provident fund and gratuity, and so on. But in recent times it has been felt that since a small proportion of workers in developing nations are in the organised sector, and since the poor and marginal vulnerability regarding income and consumption opportunities, it is pertinent to expand the scope of the concept of social security .For a large number of people in developing nations, particularly for those in the rural areas and thiose who are poor, deprivation and vulnerability are unpleasant facts of life.
In developed countries, certain instruments have been found to be important, like unemployment insurance, old age pensions and invalidity benefits. This approach may not be altogther useful and appropriate when we study developing countries. Instead of approaching the definition in terms of means, we could define social security in terms of objectives of removing deprivation and recluding vulnerability. It includes actions by the public for itself. During disasters, but also otherwise, the actions of NGOS, charitable and religious institutions must be mentioned here. In many traditional societies in India, the family too has acted as a provider of social security. Sometimes it can be taken to mean the checks and the pressures that, say, the print media keeps on the government. Involvement and activism by the public is necessary. Government can adopt two broad approaches to social security measures. The first way is to promote general economic growth and use the general benefits according from growth to help vulnerable sections of the population. The second approach is to take public action measures directly in terms of social sectors such as education and health and also promote better income distribution patterns, and generate employment.
The first approach seems to have worked very well for east Asian countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and South Koria, as also countries like Kuwait united Arab Emirates. Cuba is a classic example of the second approach, as in China. In fact some observers argue that in China, when liberalisation led to very high growth rates in the eighties and nineties, social indicators like the in fact mortality rate actually rose.
India is a case in point. In the 1950 India choose a path of development that emphasised economic growth butrelied on the public sectors as the engine of growth and let this sector occupy the 'commanding heights' of the economy.
Saturday, November 6, 2010
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND FEATURES
The term social movements ''covers vairous forms of collective action aimed at social recorganization''. In generally social movements are not highly instiutionaliged and arise from spontaneous social protest directed at specific or widespread grievances. ''A social movement is a deliberate collective endeavour to promote change in any direction and by any means not excluding violence, illegatity, revolution or withdrawl into 'utopian' community -----A social movement must evince a minimum degree of organization though this may range from a loose informal or portial level of organization to the highly institutionalized or bureaucratized movement and the corporate group -----According to MC Adam it all (1988) in (Veena Das (ed) 2003:1525). The term 'social movements' refers to a diverse spectrum of collective social and political phenomena as heterogeneoul as revolutions religious sects political organizations or single-issue campaigns or anti-colonial resistance and resistance against in roads by alleged 'outsiders'.
The salient features of social movements are;
1 .Initiation of one or the kind of commonly agreed upon activity according to some formulated or chalked out plan as per decided programme shedule.
2. Some kind of reference to ideas of autonomy,equity,human right,social recorgnization, removel of social evil, etc.
3. Various kinds of manifestations such as revolt, rebellion and employment of method likes protest, demonstration, strike, gheroo, bounds etc.
4. Unstable and transitory nature and non-visibility of any distinct point of beginning or termination of social movements.
5. Awareness of and commitment and devotion to the common cause and some kinds of organization for launching collective action through mobilization of like-minded people's efforts.
The salient features of social movements are;
1 .Initiation of one or the kind of commonly agreed upon activity according to some formulated or chalked out plan as per decided programme shedule.
2. Some kind of reference to ideas of autonomy,equity,human right,social recorgnization, removel of social evil, etc.
3. Various kinds of manifestations such as revolt, rebellion and employment of method likes protest, demonstration, strike, gheroo, bounds etc.
4. Unstable and transitory nature and non-visibility of any distinct point of beginning or termination of social movements.
5. Awareness of and commitment and devotion to the common cause and some kinds of organization for launching collective action through mobilization of like-minded people's efforts.
Friday, November 5, 2010
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GROUP WORK
In order to development a broad perspective concerning the potential uses of groups in social work practice,it is helpful to understand the developments that have occured in the study of groups and in the practice of group work over the years. This historical perspective will also give tou a firm foundation upon which a knowledge base can be built upon for effective group work practice.
Two types of inquiries have enhanced our understanding of groups. One type of inquiry has come come from social scientists who have studied groups by experimenting with them in laboratories or observations of group's functioning in community setting. The other type has come from group work practitioners who have examined how groups function in practice settings like social work, psychology, education and recreation. The results of both enquiries have led to improved methods of working with a variety of different types of groups.
A basic research question that was asked by social scientist concerns the extent to which being a part of a group influences the individual group member. The early findings suggest that the presence of others has a significant influence on an individual group member and tends to generate forces to conform to the standards of behaviour and judgments of individual members. Le Bon in 1910 referred to the forces that were generated by group interactions as 'group contagion' and 'group mind' , recognising that people in groups react differently from individuals.
Two types of inquiries have enhanced our understanding of groups. One type of inquiry has come come from social scientists who have studied groups by experimenting with them in laboratories or observations of group's functioning in community setting. The other type has come from group work practitioners who have examined how groups function in practice settings like social work, psychology, education and recreation. The results of both enquiries have led to improved methods of working with a variety of different types of groups.
A basic research question that was asked by social scientist concerns the extent to which being a part of a group influences the individual group member. The early findings suggest that the presence of others has a significant influence on an individual group member and tends to generate forces to conform to the standards of behaviour and judgments of individual members. Le Bon in 1910 referred to the forces that were generated by group interactions as 'group contagion' and 'group mind' , recognising that people in groups react differently from individuals.
Thursday, November 4, 2010
STAGES OF SOCIAL WORK GROUP FORMATION
There are a number of stages or phases in formation of a social work group. Ken Heap (1985) discussed these as group formation and planning, the first meetings, the working phase; use of activities and action; and the termination of the Group. According to Douglas (1979) there are five stages viz; conceptualisation, creation, operation, termination and evalution. He has disscussed these as the functions of leader while Toseland and Rivas (1984) discussed the stages under planning phase, beginning phase, middle phase and ending phase.
For our purpose we can discuss the stages of social group practice under the following five heads;
Pre-group (group formation) phase
Initial (first meetings) phase
Middle (Active working) phase
Evalution of the group
Terminating/ending the grop phase
In the pre-group phase worker identifies the need for organising a group and initiates steps to form the group. In the initial (first meetings) phase the worker and the group members meet at the place specified-agency or any other place where group is likely to have its sessions-and initial orientation to the groups' purpose and other information is given and shared. In the middle (active working) phase the group continues its deliberations and activities to accomplish its goals and in evaluation phase the performance of the group is examined vis-a-vis the group purpose and members, goals. Finally, in the ending or termination phase the group is made to dissolve and the worker enables the members to part with each other on a goodwill note.
For our purpose we can discuss the stages of social group practice under the following five heads;
Pre-group (group formation) phase
Initial (first meetings) phase
Middle (Active working) phase
Evalution of the group
Terminating/ending the grop phase
In the pre-group phase worker identifies the need for organising a group and initiates steps to form the group. In the initial (first meetings) phase the worker and the group members meet at the place specified-agency or any other place where group is likely to have its sessions-and initial orientation to the groups' purpose and other information is given and shared. In the middle (active working) phase the group continues its deliberations and activities to accomplish its goals and in evaluation phase the performance of the group is examined vis-a-vis the group purpose and members, goals. Finally, in the ending or termination phase the group is made to dissolve and the worker enables the members to part with each other on a goodwill note.
Thursday, October 28, 2010
Mrs.Indira Gandhi
Mrs Indira Gandhi was the first lady Prime Minister of India.She was dynamic leade.She was intelligent and brave. Mrs. Ganhi was born on November 19,1917at Allahabad.She was the only daughter of Jawharlal Nehru.She got her education in Swetzerland ,Oxford and also at Vishwabharti.Mrs.Gandhi was married to Firoz Gandhi in 1941.She had two sons Rajiv and Sanjay.Mrs. Gandhi worked hard to make India properous country.But she was assassinated on 31st October 1984 by her own security Guards.She was a lover of peace and freedom.She is the formidable icon of women empower.Her extraordinary political skills and tencity weakened her foes too their knees.Her charm ,intelligence and charisma made her a powerful statesperson,much loved and admired by her people.
She was greatly adored by her parents and her grandfather Motilal Nehru,who was famous lawyer and public figure in his own right.Her father had joined the freedom struggle so little Indira or Priyadarshinias she was lovingly called was exposed to politics from the age of 3-4years.Her house was the centre of political activity ,as all important leaders stayed there while visiting Allhabad.Mahatma Gandhi was a frequent visitor to her house and she was greatly affected by his thinking.A visit to the Sabarmati Ashram left indelible mark on her psyche.
After passing her matriculation exams from Pune University,she was sent to Rabindranath Tagore at Shantiniketan.Here ,she was made to lead a strict and highly disciplned life.From here she went on to study in Switzerland and then to Oxford University in London.After her return to India When Indira's father was in jail,he used to write beautiful,long letters to her about India's legecy and the current political situation.This led her to understand the intricacies of the nation,better than the most.In 1942,she joined the 'Quit India'Movement and was jailed.After India gained freedom,Pandit Nehru was elected the PM.After his death in 1964,Lal Bahadur Shastri took over.Finally,in 1966,Indira Gandhi was elected the leader of the Congress.But this was not to easy.The nummerous contenders for the position of PM were unable to agree among themselves about the post.They picked Indira Gandhi as a compromise candidate,and each thought that she would be easily manipulable.But she showed extraordinary political skills and elbowed the Congress bigwigs - Kamraj,Morarji Desai,and others-out of power.She held the office of the PM from 1966to1977(the tenure).She was riding the crest of popularity after India's triumph in the war of 1971 aganist Pakistan,and the nuclear explosions in 1974,helped to enhence her reputation among middle-class Indians as a tough and shrewd political leader.However by 1973,Delhi and North India were rocked by the demonstrations angry at high inflation the poor state of the economy rampant corruption and the poor standers of living.In June 1975,the High Court of Allahabad found her guilty of using illegal practices during the last election campaign and ordered her to vacate her seat.There were demands for her resignation.Indira Gandhi's response was to declare a state of Emergency.Under this her political foes were imprisoned constitutional rights abrogated and the press was placed under strict censorship.Meanwhile the younger of her two sons Sanjay Gandhi earned the fierce hatred of many whom his policies had victimized.He ordered the removal of slum dwellings and in an attempt to curb India's growing population he initiated a highly resented programme of forced sterilization.In early 1977 confident that she had strengthened her position Indira Gandhi called for fresh elections and found herself trounced by a newly formed coalition of several political parties.Her party lost the polls.Many declared that she was a spent force.But three years later she returned back to power.
In the second post-emergency period of her premiership she was pre-occupied by efforts to resolve the political problems in Punjab.In her attempet to crash the secessionist movement of Sikh militants led by Jarnail Singh Binderwale she ordered an assault upon the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar the Golden Temple.Operation Bluestar waged in June 1984 led to the death of Binderwale and the Golden Temple was stripped clean of militants.The fallout of this operation was that Indira Gandhi earned the hatred of Sikhs who bitterly resented the sacrilezation at her residence by two of her own Sikh body guards who wrongly claimed to be avenging the insult heaped upon their community.She will be remembered for her commendable efforts in the development and progress of science space exploration irrigation as well as policies like nationalisation of banks and 20-point programme.
She was greatly adored by her parents and her grandfather Motilal Nehru,who was famous lawyer and public figure in his own right.Her father had joined the freedom struggle so little Indira or Priyadarshinias she was lovingly called was exposed to politics from the age of 3-4years.Her house was the centre of political activity ,as all important leaders stayed there while visiting Allhabad.Mahatma Gandhi was a frequent visitor to her house and she was greatly affected by his thinking.A visit to the Sabarmati Ashram left indelible mark on her psyche.
After passing her matriculation exams from Pune University,she was sent to Rabindranath Tagore at Shantiniketan.Here ,she was made to lead a strict and highly disciplned life.From here she went on to study in Switzerland and then to Oxford University in London.After her return to India When Indira's father was in jail,he used to write beautiful,long letters to her about India's legecy and the current political situation.This led her to understand the intricacies of the nation,better than the most.In 1942,she joined the 'Quit India'Movement and was jailed.After India gained freedom,Pandit Nehru was elected the PM.After his death in 1964,Lal Bahadur Shastri took over.Finally,in 1966,Indira Gandhi was elected the leader of the Congress.But this was not to easy.The nummerous contenders for the position of PM were unable to agree among themselves about the post.They picked Indira Gandhi as a compromise candidate,and each thought that she would be easily manipulable.But she showed extraordinary political skills and elbowed the Congress bigwigs - Kamraj,Morarji Desai,and others-out of power.She held the office of the PM from 1966to1977(the tenure).She was riding the crest of popularity after India's triumph in the war of 1971 aganist Pakistan,and the nuclear explosions in 1974,helped to enhence her reputation among middle-class Indians as a tough and shrewd political leader.However by 1973,Delhi and North India were rocked by the demonstrations angry at high inflation the poor state of the economy rampant corruption and the poor standers of living.In June 1975,the High Court of Allahabad found her guilty of using illegal practices during the last election campaign and ordered her to vacate her seat.There were demands for her resignation.Indira Gandhi's response was to declare a state of Emergency.Under this her political foes were imprisoned constitutional rights abrogated and the press was placed under strict censorship.Meanwhile the younger of her two sons Sanjay Gandhi earned the fierce hatred of many whom his policies had victimized.He ordered the removal of slum dwellings and in an attempt to curb India's growing population he initiated a highly resented programme of forced sterilization.In early 1977 confident that she had strengthened her position Indira Gandhi called for fresh elections and found herself trounced by a newly formed coalition of several political parties.Her party lost the polls.Many declared that she was a spent force.But three years later she returned back to power.
In the second post-emergency period of her premiership she was pre-occupied by efforts to resolve the political problems in Punjab.In her attempet to crash the secessionist movement of Sikh militants led by Jarnail Singh Binderwale she ordered an assault upon the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar the Golden Temple.Operation Bluestar waged in June 1984 led to the death of Binderwale and the Golden Temple was stripped clean of militants.The fallout of this operation was that Indira Gandhi earned the hatred of Sikhs who bitterly resented the sacrilezation at her residence by two of her own Sikh body guards who wrongly claimed to be avenging the insult heaped upon their community.She will be remembered for her commendable efforts in the development and progress of science space exploration irrigation as well as policies like nationalisation of banks and 20-point programme.
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Importance of Time
We see time in watch . Time is necessary for our life. All people should be give Importance of time. Because without time is nothing in the world. In the world who everything be from time. Any work,any job from time . We should give Importance of time. If in the world any people don't understand of time . What is time?Well I think my point of view that probably he can't success . And who person understand of time. Well he can be a successful man . If we should be every work do on time.And suppose that any student went not Institute on time.Then he won't back own life . Because he don't understand what is time? And any student every working do on time . Then he will be successful man And as like my college of time and any Institute's of time from 8am to 12pm . And I go 11am any college or any Institute then probably I'll not be successful man. Because I do'nt give Importance of time. In the world any person go to any field just like IAS officer, Doctor , Engineer any company manager and scientist then they gave Important of time . Then they made famous person they understand that What is time? As like APJ Abdul Kalam , Dhirubhai Ambani etc alots of people understood what is time? And gave Importance of time . And today all people know of all famous person why? Because they gave Importance of time.In last I would like to say we should be gave Importance of time . Then of course we will be successful man . Time is precious thing.
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