WHO IS A BIGGER VICTIM OF CRIME IN THE SOCIETY TODAY WOMEN OR MEN?

The women are being made victims not only for one reason but there are multiple reasons of their victimization. The main ones are sexual harassment , obscence comments, insecurity for the working women, threatenings to some of the women working in senior management posts, bitter challenges and non cooperation from men to the women in many fields. For example, lack of support from male community to manage affairs, rapes, gang rapes, cases of molestation, dowry deaths, compulsion to commit suicide, humiliation by not being given equal opportunities, partically and unfair treatment towards working women by male supervisors and so on constitute a situation which poses a great challenge to women.
       During olden days the education of girls was neglected, importance was given only to the boys in education and subsequently in jobs. Women were asked to look after home. Due to change in society and in the mentality of the people, the girls started getting equal opportunities to get education and work outside to maintain economic needs and self sufficiency. But from the very beginning women entered the public space, violence against them started increasing. The rate of victimization in respect of women is greater in urban areas as their activities in public places are greater there. Their fashion and style of wearing clothes make them more unsafe and risky.
       This will continue till the sensibility is developed amongest men to look beyond their beauty, fashion and other releted things. Though in a democratic country every women is free for any wears and to enjoy fashion as she desires but she is not secured enough to enjoy it freely. There are cases where they are made victims of men. This can be reduced by introducing law to award deterrent punishment to the offenders there by killing the wolf in them and setting examples for others. There are only a few who humiliate the women. Women are harassed in many public places too, may it be hotels, railway stations, schools, colleges or on the roads. Women feel insecure in such places and will continue to be so unless the mechanism for protection of basic human rights is made effective by providing adequate civic securities.
      I am optimistic that Government will take necessary steps to get the adequate law framed and arrange for protection of women out of the gender-based humiliation. There are instances where some criminals are involved in rape cases, molestation and other unhealthy activities outside their homes, whereasa back home they play double standards with their wives. The relations ultimately are victimized. The electronic and print media, volunteers, NGOs, social workers, school and college students and intellectuals can play a key role in educating people to change their mindset and induce a healthier attitude and prigressive thinking by realizing deeply about this genuine problem in the society.

WHICH IS MORE INFORMATIVE ELECTRONICS MEDIA OR PRINT MEDIA

Eaelier people depended on newspapers, when there was no other source of news and information. Only the urban people and those who were educated used to read the newspapers. The electronics media has replaced this with better and fast flow of news and information. Today it has spread everywhere, both in urbav and rural areas. Electronics media has become so effective that we hear and watch live telecast. What is the best part of electronics media is that it gives live picture and scenes of the places of incidents.
         We can see all national and international programmes. That generates curiosity too. We all see the news and happenings in the TV many times during the day. Different channels are giving different information and programmes. This has become sufficient for all kind of information and knowledge. Many people are interested in watching the burning topics, in which they are keen to see and hear the logical comments and arguments of prominent people. The print media has played an important role during war, disasters, tragedies, accidents and other national and international events.
        The electronics media is successful in making the knowledge of people upto date with relevant scenes and pictures in respect of the places of occurrence. There is an important role of electronics media to educate the illiterate and socially victimized people, farmers, unskilled workers, youths and common people of the country through all possible information and expertise available with them in the respective fields. There is an appreciable role of electronics media which has contributed significantly to progress and achievements in various fields mainly agriculture, family planning, social structure, entrichment of national language, unity, education and political system of the country.
        In the recent past, the television has grown very fast and real coverage of natural disasters, terrorism, hijackings, war and train accidents has been done by it. They covered minute-to-minute happenings and telecast them there by giving uptodate information to the people. Some of our TV channels like Star News, Zee News and Aaj Tak are very fast in covering news and information. TV gives all the facts and figures with pictures, which is more informative. Some TV channels have covered momentous events which took place in the recent past. For example, Mumbai train blast terrorist massacre in Assam, Naxalite violence in Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Bihar, terrorists strike at British airport at Glasgow and most lately the Operation Silence carried out in July 2007 on Lal Masjid in Islamabad by Pakistan army.
       All there events were covered so vividly by the electronics media. Electronics media facilities linking your mind with the place of happening. That helps in making things more information. There are a few channeles like Discovery and National Geography which give interesting and educative programmes are adequately informative too. The Internet has helped us in keeping ourselves abreast of the latest news all the time apart from many more of its advantages.

WHO SERVES THE COUNTRY MORE A DOCTOR OR A TEACHER

 India is a developing country. The major portion of population is living in the villages. We have seen in the past that the villages are not situated in a planned manner. There is no proper system of drainage of water. Sewage lines do not exist. People are not careful to keep their surroundings neat and clean. Villages are generally found unhygienic, which is causing a number of diseases.

     There has been a lot of loss to men and material. There are a number of diseases affecting the children and making them handicapped forever or killing them. The Doctors save many children from the above type of dangerous diseases by giving preventive medicines in the form of drops, injections, capsules or tablets. We take example from army doctors who apart from treating soldiers in difficult areas and during war, also take active part in aid to civil authorities when disaster takes place due to various natural calamities in different parts of the country.

   Doctors go from village to village including interior areas to treat the people despite many problems and absence amenities. We have seen their role during accidents, terrorist strikes natural disasters all over the country. The doctors worked day and night and could save a number of lives and provide treatment to the victims. Their timely attendance is an important aspect in saving the lives.

WHETHER CHILDREN SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO WATCH TV?

This is 21st century. Watching TV which is quite educative and is a source of entertainment cannot be avoided for children. Children have the right to enjoy TV.TV is quite educative. There are many programmes shown on TV which give instructions to them.

   Children generally watch cartoons, movies, and certain serials. All this gives entertainment and instruction. Programmes on TV help the children in their personality development. Yes, they should be instructed not to see the movies which are destructive and give negative impression. Their parents have also to ensure that children watch TV for short time only.

      There are very good channels which are giving quite good and educative programmes like Discovery and National Geography. Some children may also like to hear news. Children are much curious to watch sports programme. It will be necessary for parents to allow them to see such programmes. Children go to school these days at an early age.

     They have a lot of books for studies. A lot of home work is also given. It will be necessary to provide some entertainment programmes for which is available in all homes.The TV gives many good and useful programmes which give good exposure to the children. The TV gives knowledge on current affairs which is useful for children for competitive examinations.

     There are some English as well as Hindi movies which have good stories which influence the children in a positive way.

HIV transmission and testing

There are several ways in which one can get infection with HIV. It is very important to know the routes of HIV transmission. This will help us to avoid the spread of HIV. In other words, understanding how HIV passes from one person to another will enable us to protect ourselves. Various types of sexual activity and the risks involved in transmitting HIV during those acts. This is the most common form of sexual activity. Transmission of HIV from men to women and from women to men is well documented.
         Male to male transmission through anal intercourse occurs at the rate of one infection per 10 sexual acts. Usually penile-anal activity is not recommended even between a mutual faithful husband and wife on health grounds. It is against dignity for the man to force his wife to agree for penile-anal sex against her will. Virous is shed in the saliva. Almost half thr populations in most urban areas live in slums which comprise a small room without any privacy and safety. Husband and wife hardly talk to each other on sex and sexuality.
        Unlike several permissive societies in the world, the percentage of  homosexuals and lesbians in India are very insignificant. Kissing has been shown to pose a risk of transmission. It is always risky to have sex with Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) in India. Reports indicate that most of the sex workers suffer from STDs and a large number of CSWs are also found to be HIV infected across the country. Different types of practices are grouped under four categories. Unsafe practices with high risk, unsafe practices with unclear risk, low risk practices with some risk an practices with probably no risk.
     There are various categories of persons who are vulnerable to HIV infection through sexual contacts. In every culture, and society one does come across sex workers. They are mostly women who sell their bodies for a price (money). Some men may also involve in male prostitution. Often they have to provide sexual satisfaction to several men in a day. Call girls are those who live a more comfortable life. They usually serve customers in their homes or hotels and earn handsome amount. Some sex sexual relationship are very high-risk activities. In case of anal sex, penetration becomes painful for both active and passive partners, as the anus can not receive an erect penis.
      There are some documented cases from various parts of the world where HIV has been transmitted through artificial insrmination. People who donate sperm can also pass on HIV if they are infected. There are several sperm banks located in various parts of the country. There are also reports of students from professional colleges and educational institutions who donate sperm for making additional posket money. HIV reproduces itself in the CD4 lymphocytes which circulate in the blood and other body fluids. All the forms of exposure to HIV, blood transfusion is the most effective means of transmitting the virus from person to person.
       Blood that is collected fromm a donor can be separated into different components using a cell seprator. HIV can be transmitted through infected organs. HIV is found in the blood as well as the tissue of an infected organ. Since an infected person's body fluids contain HIV it is essential that screening for HIV is carried in cases of organ transplantation of any kind such as kidney, bone marrow,  eyes, skin, semen etc. Patients who suffer from various blood disorders like various types of anemia, especially Thalassemia or Leukemia require multiple transfusions. Injecting drug users are potential channel for transmission of HIV. In India, injecting drugs users have a high incidence of the infection.
      The drug addicts often sell their blood to purchase drugs. The Supreme Court of  India has banned professional blood donation in the country. Blood donations and blood banks were started in India since 1941. During this period, the Second World War was in full swing. Today there are over a thousand registered blood banks all over the country. 75 percent of the Indian population lives  in villages. Blood is an essential component of the body which provides sustenance to life. The blood trade flourishes with poor people like unemployed, rickshaw pullers, and drug addicts selling their blood. The blood banks presently thrive on bleeding 4000 to 5000 regular professional donors in 18-20.

Basic facts about HIV/AIDS

The first case of HIV infection was reported in 1981 among the homosexuals in the United States of America. In India, HIV was first reported in 1986 among commercial sex workers from Chennai. The recent report from the joint United Nations programme of HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated 37.8 million adults and 2.1 million children with HIV infections as on December 2003. The widespered prevalence of HIV/AIDS has to be seriously considered for any type of public health program. In 1990's, AIDS became an issue of global concern. In 1992, in Europe, most of the cases were reported from France, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom. Certain coutries had higher retes of AIDS like Switzerland (65cases), France (66) and Spain (67  cases).
          HIV/AIDS epidemic has killed over 20 million people since the first case of AIDS was identified in 1981. The large populous countries of China, India, and Indonesia are of particular concern. Globally nearly half of all persons infected between the ages of 15-49 years are women. The report also affirms that HIV is still a challenge in industrialized countries due to the unsafe sexual behaviour of gay men. We shall focus on situation of HIV/AIDS with specific references to the various international regions. It is a home for 60 percent of HIV infected in the world. HIV in Africa has became a generalized epidemic. It is no longer confind to high risk groups. In Oceania an estimated 74000 people (45000-120000) are living with HIV. Although less than 4000 people are believed to have died of  AIDS in 2005, about 8200 persons are thought to have become newly infected with HIV.
        Diverse HIV epidemic are under way in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. About 1.6 million people (range: 920000-2.1 million) were living with HIV at the end of 2005, compared to about 160000 in 1995. Among young people aged 15-24, 0.6% of women (range: 0.4-0.8%) and 1.3% of men (range: 0.9-1.8%) were living with HIV by the end of 2003. A striking feature is the low age of those infected. More than 80% of HIV-positive people in this region are under 30 years of age . Bangladesh, the risk behaviour to acquire HIV infection is increasing. More men indulge in sex with commercial sex workers. Intravenous drug use is also increasing. A similar situation also prevails in Pakistan. Among young people 15-24 years of age, 0.4% of women and 0.6% of men (range:0.6-0.9%) were living with HIV in 2005 which was transmitted heterosexually. In western Europe, the number of reported deaths among AIDS patients also continued to decline-from 3373 in 2001 to 3101 in 2002.
      Data suggest that there have been some dramatic changes in the shape of Cambodia's epidemic. The incidence of new infection among both brothel based and non-brothel based sex workers as well as their clients showed a decrease by half between 1999 and 2002 and HIV prevalence among the former dropped from 43.1% in 1998 to 21% in 2003. In Thailand, the number of new infections has fallen from a peak of around 140000 a year in 1991, to around 21000 in 2003. However, Thailand's epidemic has been changing over the years. In Bangkok, over 15% of men who have sex with men who were tested in a 2003 study were HIV-positive, and 21% had not used a condom with their last casual partner. According to the Population Division of the United Nations, life expectancy at birth in Southern Africa was 59 years in the 1990's.
       HIV's impact on adult mortality is greatest on people in their twenties and thirties, and is proportionately larger for women than men. HIV is not evenly distributed throughout populations. Instead it primarily affects young adults, particulary women. The epidemic's impact on women and girls is especially marked. This means they bear the largest AIDS burden. Families may withdraw young girls from school to care for family members infected with HIV. In some of the worst-affected countries, before the AIDS epidemic even started having an adverse economic impact, the living standards of the poor were already deteriorating markedly. AIDS causes the loss of income and production of an HIV infected household member. AIDS creates extraordinary care needs that must be met (usually by withdrawing other household members from school or work to care for the sick).
    The epidemic's impact on education has far reaching implications for long-term development. Globally, AIDS is a significant obstacle to children achieving universal access to primary education by 2015. The epidemic weakness the quality of training and education, which means fewer people benefit from good standard school and university education. It also accelerates the impact of a pre-existing professional 'brain drain'. Many AIDS affected families may withdraw children from school to compensate for labour losses, increased care activities and competing expenses. Education quality may also suffer as more teachers succumb to the disease.

Should Hindi be compulsory in all offices in India?

There is a requirement of will amongst the people towards Hindi it being our national language. If we are determined towards that there will be no problem to make use of Hindi in all the offices. There was a time when people of South India opposed Hindi and they did not show adaptability to hear and learn Hindi. Time has changed. Media has also played a key role. People of South are now attracted towards TV programmes in Hindi and have gradually started admiring the language. Today a good number of people of South speak Hindi. Similarly the use of Hindi in the non-Hindi speaking areas is spreading gradually.
         The use of Hindi will bring national unity and integration. Hindi will bring the feeling of belongingness. Earlier there was a differentiation between Hindi and non-Hindi speaking people. People of non-Hindi speaking states have now started studying Hindi. The gap is becoming narrowed. If Hindi is made the official language this will bring the people closer. We may take the example of countries like Russia, China, Japan and other western countries. They are developed, prosperous and are powerful nations. They always follow their national languages. Their highest leader speaks in his national language even outside his country. They feel proud of doing every thing in their national language. Their people, right from childhood, speak, read and write their national language. This shows their love towards their mother tongue. Their feeling is that the national language always facilitates understanding and doing better in all fields. We should emulate them and ensure our national language to be used in all the offices.
      If Hindi is made compulsory in all the offices, people will learn the same more to make themselves able to work in a better way. That will also facilitate to conveniently mix up with the people of other parts of the country. Majority of people in India speak Hindi. Why should Hindi not be made compulsory in all the offices? It is better to follow our own language than to stick to a foreign language. The new generation and youth of the day want to give importance to Hindi irrespective of his or her regionality. They understand that we can progress rapidly only when we bring the atmosphere of unity and commonality. It is language, education, culture, fashion, opportunities, social reforms and awareness which take a nation towards progress.