Monday, November 15, 2010

ORAL STAGE AND ANAL STAGE

Oral stage-----This stage lasts up to 18 months from the birth of a child. Sucking involves both tactual stimulation of of mouth as well as swallowing. Later when the teeth erupt the mouth is used by the child for biting and chewing. Since the child is primarily concerned about seeking pleasure, the needs immediate gratification of the need. Since gratification of need at this stage depends on mother, she becomes the first love object for the child. Feeling at the mother's breast in the most important activity, both physically and phychologically for the young child.For this reason, psychologically refers to the period from birth to about eight mouths as the oral sucking period. It is held that the modes of oral activity. Sucking and swallowing and biting/chewing are the prototypes for many later personality traits that develop.      

Anal stage-----This stage starts when the child is around one a half years old and ends when she is three years of age. This stage is divided into two substages ie the anal expulsive period and the anal retention period. The anal expulsive phase overlaps with the closing stages of oral period. The expulsion of the feces removes discomfort and produced a feeling of relief. When toilet training is initiated, the child has her first experience with the external regulation of an instinctual impulse. During the anal retention period, the child is expected to accede to the demands of toilet training. The child has to learn to derive pleasure from retention than expulsion. Depending upon the particular method of toilet training used by the mother and her feelings concerning defecation, the consequences of toilet training have for reaching effect upon the formation of specific personility traits and values.

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